Hardware

Review of ferroelectric devices for intelligent computing

Transistors or "microchips" partially explain why our paper-thin laptops can perform much more complicated tasks than their clumsy, gigantic predecessors. To maximize computing capabilities, engineers are trying to make transistors ...

Computer Sciences

New technique offers faster security for non-volatile memory tech

Researchers have developed a technique that leverages hardware and software to improve file system security for next-generation memory technologies called non-volatile memories (NVMs). The new encryption technique also permits ...

Hardware

Serious security vulnerabilities in DRAM memory devices

Researchers at ETH Zurich have discovered major vulnerabilities in DRAM memory devices, which are widely used in computers, tablets and smartphones. The vulnerabilities have now been published together with the National Cyber ...

Computer Sciences

Engineers offer smart, timely ideas for AI bottlenecks

Rice University researchers have demonstrated methods for both designing innovative data-centric computing hardware and co-designing hardware with machine-learning algorithms that together can improve energy efficiency by ...

Computer Sciences

Securing the 'internet of things' in the quantum age

MIT researchers have developed a novel cryptography circuit that can be used to protect low-power "internet of things" (IoT) devices in the coming age of quantum computing.

Random-access memory

Random-access memory (usually known by its acronym, RAM) is a form of computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any order (i.e., at random). The word random thus refers to the fact that any piece of data can be returned in a constant time, regardless of its physical location and whether or not it is related to the previous piece of data.

By contrast, storage devices such as tapes, magnetic discs and optical discs rely on the physical movement of the recording medium or a reading head. In these devices, the movement takes longer than data transfer, and the retrieval time varies based on the physical location of the next item.

The word RAM is often associated with volatile types of memory (such as DRAM memory modules), where the information is lost after the power is switched off. Many other types of memory are RAM, too, including most types of ROM and flash memory called NOR-Flash.

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