AI data center infrastructure encompasses the physical facilities, power systems, and cooling architectures required to support large-scale artificial intelligence computation, along with their environmental and grid-level impacts. Work in this area quantifies electricity use, carbon and water footprints, and the rebound effects of efficiency gains, while examining constraints imposed by aging power grids and regulatory regimes. It also evaluates mitigation strategies such as improved energy efficiency, low-carbon construction, water transparency, and long-term procurement of nuclear and other low-carbon generation, including speculative orbital, solar-powered data centers.
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