Aviation and shipping decarbonization encompasses technologies and strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from air and marine transport. Core efforts include development and deployment of sustainable aviation fuels and e-fuels derived from renewable electricity, waste streams, and captured CO₂, alongside alternative maritime fuels such as methanol and hydrogen. Complementary measures involve onboard and offboard carbon capture, hybrid-electric and battery-assisted propulsion, aerodynamic and hydrodynamic efficiency improvements, and lifecycle-based policy and infrastructure frameworks to enable large-scale, cost-effective emissions reductions.
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