Machine learning methodologies encompass algorithmic frameworks and architectures for training, optimizing, and deploying models such as neural networks, transformers, diffusion models, and reinforcement learning agents. Work in this area develops new training objectives, curriculum schemes, speculative and efficient decoding, pruning and communication-reduction strategies, and biologically inspired or physics-informed architectures. The domain also includes safety preservation, unlearning, scaling laws, and specialized methods for vision, language, control, and scientific computing, aiming to improve performance, efficiency, robustness, and controllability of complex AI systems.
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