Machine learning & AI

Artificial intelligence to run the chemical factories of the future

A new proof-of-concept study details how an automated system driven by artificial intelligence can design, build, test and learn complex biochemical pathways to efficiently produce lycopene, a red pigment found in tomatoes ...

Electronics & Semiconductors

Scientists develop elements for future electronics

Modern electronics is approaching the limit of its capabilities, which is determined by the fundamental laws of physics. Therefore, the use of classical materials, for example, silicon, is no longer able to meet the requirements ...

Engineering

The era of the megalopolis: How the world's cities are merging

On November 15 2022, a baby girl named Vinice Mabansag, born at Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital in Manila, Philippines, became—symbolically—the eight billionth person in the world. Of those 8 billion people, 60% live ...

Engineering

'Amphibious' sensors make new, waterproof technologies possible

Researchers have demonstrated a technique for creating sensors that can function both in air and underwater. The approach paves the way for "amphibious" sensors with applications ranging from wildlife monitoring to biomedical ...

Computer Sciences

Evolutionary computation for expensive optimization: A survey

The term 'Expensive optimization problem' (EOP) refers to any problem that requires expensive or even unaffordable costs to evaluate candidate solutions. These problems exist in many significant real-world applications.

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Biology

Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines. Among the most important topics are five unifying principles that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology:

Subdisciplines of biology are recognized on the basis of the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interact and associate with their environment.

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