Engineering
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and grid-scale energy storage systems. Safety of Li-ion batteries, however, has been called into question repeatedly over the ...
Nov 18, 2020
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Energy & Green Tech
Rechargeable batteries are a necessity to meet the world's growing energy demands in a sustainable fashion, but not all are equal. Researchers in the Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit at the Okinawa Institute of ...
Aug 6, 2021
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178
Energy & Green Tech
As an integral part of its technological agenda, Russia is developing its own production of lithium-ion batteries. Despite the vast lithium reserves, battery production volumes fall short of the demand. Of special relevance ...
Oct 6, 2023
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53
Energy & Green Tech
Electric vehicles (EVs) hold great promise for our energy-efficient, sustainable future but among their limitations is the lack of a long-lasting, high energy density battery that reduces the need to fuel up on long-haul ...
Nov 4, 2020
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39
Energy & Green Tech
Lithium metal-based batteries have the potential to turn the battery industry upside down. With the theoretically ultra-high capacity of lithium metal used by itself, this new type of battery could power everything from personal ...
Jan 18, 2018
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78
Energy & Green Tech
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have developed a new quasi-solid-state cathode for solid-state lithium metal batteries, with significantly reduced interfacial resistance between the cathode and a solid electrolyte. ...
Mar 21, 2022
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91
Energy & Green Tech
Sodium-ion batteries have been touted as a sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries because they are powered by a more abundant natural resource. However, sodium-ion batteries have hit a significant snag: the cathodes ...
May 1, 2023
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103
Energy & Green Tech
Safe, cheap and sustainable technology for energy storage has been developed at the Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University. It is based on two major breakthroughs: the manufacture of wood-based electrodes ...
Nov 18, 2021
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76
Hi Tech & Innovation
First responders and rescue teams are respected for doing all they can and based on what they know to help rescue victims of vehicle accidents as fast as possible.
Energy & Green Tech
In Edmond Hamilton's 1940 novella Revolt On The Tenth World, the science fiction author describes "solid power … the most super-valuable substance in the Solar System." Solid power is "compressed energy 'frozen' by temporary ...
Oct 23, 2017
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An ion is an atom or molecule where the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.
Since protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged, if there are more electrons than protons, the atom or molecule will be negatively charged. This is called an anion (pronounced /ˈænaɪən/; an-eye-on), from the Greek ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up'.
Conversely, if there are more protons than electrons, the atom or molecule will be positively charged. This is called a cation (pronounced /ˈkætaɪən/; cat-eye-on), from the Greek κατά (kata), meaning 'down'.
An ion consisting of a single atom is called a monatomic ion. If it consists of two or more atoms, it is called a polyatomic ion. Polyatomic ions containing oxygen, such as carbonate and sulfate, are called oxyanions.
When writing the chemical formula for an ion, its charge is written as a superscript '+' or '−' following a number indicating the difference between the number of protons and the number of electrons. The number is omitted if it is equal to 1. For example, the sodium cation is written as Na+, the '+' indicating that it has one less electron than it has protons. The sulfate anion is written as SO42−, the '2−' indicating that it has two more electrons than it has protons.
If an ion contains unpaired electrons, it is called a radical ion. Just like neutral radicals, radical ions are very reactive.
This text uses material from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA
