Solar energy harvesting through biomimicking the wings of a butterfly

butterflies
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The color of butterflies is mainly attributed to structural color as a result of diffraction of natural light. However, black color denotes trapping of sunlight within the butterfly scales. In some extreme cases, a butterfly will be rapidly de-iced through light-heat conversion within black scales on wings. Inspired by such a natural light harvesting process, scientists in the NANOMO unit carefully examined nanostructures of black scales obtained from different butterflies and assessed their light trapping abilities when placed on Si-based solar panels.

Even with apparently the same dark color, butterfly scales have varied nanostructures depending on their species. For example, the morphology of Ornithoptera priamus scale consists of parallel V-shaped gullies formed between two ridges and connected by thin layers. This is very different from the scale structure of other three species, Tirumala limniace, Graphium doson, and Papilio protenor cramer, where the structures consist of round ridges spaced by arrays of one, two and three holes. Correspondingly, reflection on the black scales differs, with the one on the black part of Ornithoptera priamus owing minimum values ranging from 1-5% at the visible light region.

Using these structures as antireflective patterns will help sunlight harvesting on Si based photovoltaics. Computer simulated results showed that after placing these nanostructures on Si solar panels, surface backscattering decreased substantially. The scale structure of Ornithoptera priamus gave the best antireflection. Light reflection decreased from more than 35% on bare Si panel down to less than 5%. As a result, the short-circuit current, i.e. the largest current that can be obtained from the photovoltaic cell, was increased by 66%. Experimental realizations of such a strategy have also been proposed.

The latest research progress continues the world-leading role of NANOMO in biomimicry. The unit pioneers in applying fundamental concepts in physics to applied photonics and solar energy harvesting. A very recent TUTLI funding from BusinessFinland was granted to NANOMO to scale up bio-inspired designs for new surface functionality applications in an industrial scale.

The newest study is published in Solar Energy.

More information: Zhongjia Huang et al. Antireflective design of Si-based photovoltaics via biomimicking structures on black butterfly scales, Solar Energy (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.05.031

Journal information: Solar Energy
Provided by University of Oulu
Citation: Solar energy harvesting through biomimicking the wings of a butterfly (2020, June 25) retrieved 28 March 2024 from https://techxplore.com/news/2020-06-solar-energy-harvesting-biomimicking-wings.html
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