Electronics & Semiconductors
The sun sends enormous amounts of energy to the earth. Nevertheless, some of it is lost in solar cells. This is an obstacle in the use of organic solar cells, especially for those viable in innovative applications. A key ...
Sep 26, 2023
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23
Energy & Green Tech
As Europe turns increasingly to clean sources of energy, EU researchers are on a quest to make hydrogen from solar rays and heat.
Sep 4, 2023
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15
Energy & Green Tech
Researchers at the University of Colorado have developed a new and efficient way to produce green hydrogen or green syngas, a precursor to liquid fuels. The findings could open the door for more sustainable energy use in ...
Aug 17, 2023
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123
Energy & Green Tech
Due to the environmental and energy problems caused by fossil fuels, the search for alternative clean and renewable energy solutions has never been more urgent. Among these, hydrogen (H2) is emerging as a leading contender ...
Aug 8, 2023
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4
Energy & Green Tech
The renewable energy revolution wants to build a climate-friendly future for the world. But the move away from fossil fuels will remain a challenge as long as efficient means to store green energy are still lacking. A research ...
Jul 25, 2023
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35
Energy & Green Tech
What is a calorie? While most people think of calories in relation to food, calories are simply a unit of heat energy. In fact, measuring calories is essential to energy science because every chemical reaction involves energy. ...
Jul 20, 2023
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Engineering
Rice University engineers can turn sunlight into hydrogen with record-breaking efficiency thanks to a device that combines next-generation halide perovskite semiconductors with electrocatalysts in a single, durable, cost-effective ...
Jul 20, 2023
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3824
Engineering
Australian researchers have demonstrated that perovskite solar cells damaged by proton radiation in low-Earth orbit can recover up to 100% of their original efficiency via annealing in thermal vacuum.
Jul 18, 2023
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68
Energy & Green Tech
Perovskite solar cells designed by a team of scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have attained a world record efficiency of 24.35% with an active area of 1 cm2. This achievement paves the way for cheaper, ...
Jun 22, 2023
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1100
Energy & Green Tech
A research team led by Dr. Ji-Hoon Lee of the Department of Hydrogen Energy Materials at the Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) developed a three-dimensional, porous, carbon-based current collector material and applied ...
Jun 21, 2023
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395
Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes.
The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the "fundamental equations of Gibbs" can be derived. From these four, a multitude of equations, relating the thermodynamic properties of the thermodynamic system can be derived using relatively simple mathematics. This outlines the mathematical framework of chemical thermodynamics.
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