Computer Sciences
Countless historical photographs are stored in black and white in the world's archives. Today, these cultural assets and contemporary documents are conserved by means of digitization and (partially) improved through digital ...
Mar 20, 2023
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11
Business
As an artificial intelligence researcher, Cynthia Rudin has watched the recent, explosive growth of the technology with a keen, concerned eye.
Feb 27, 2023
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20
Computer Sciences
Large language models like OpenAI's GPT-3 are massive neural networks that can generate human-like text, from poetry to programming code. Trained using troves of internet data, these machine-learning models take a small bit ...
Feb 7, 2023
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112
Computer Sciences
Empowered by artificial intelligence technologies, computers today can engage in convincing conversations with people, compose songs, paint paintings, play chess and go, and diagnose diseases, to name just a few examples ...
Jan 30, 2023
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39
Computer Sciences
A team of researchers affiliated with a host of institutions across China has modified Shor's algorithm in a way that could allow less powerful quantum computers to crack current cryptosystems. The team describes their modifications ...
Security
The SHA-1 algorithm, one of the first widely used methods of protecting electronic information, has reached the end of its useful life, according to security experts at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). ...
Dec 16, 2022
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4
Engineering
It is hard to imagine modern traffic networks without tunnels. They help us bypass rivers and mountains, and make sure traffic doesn't interfere too much with our daily lives in urban areas. Modern tunnels are highly complex ...
Dec 13, 2022
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48
Computer Sciences
In an increasingly connected and smart world, sensors collect and share large amounts of data to help people make decisions.
Nov 8, 2022
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5
Electronics & Semiconductors
Artificial intelligence has long been a hot topic: a computer algorithm "learns" by being taught by examples: What is "right" and what is "wrong." Unlike a computer algorithm, the human brain works with neurons—cells of ...
Nov 7, 2022
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312
Computer Sciences
Generative adversarial networks (GANs), a class of machine learning frameworks that can generate new texts, images, videos, and voice recordings, have been found to be highly valuable for tackling numerous real-world problems. ...
In mathematics, computing, linguistics, and related subjects, an algorithm is a finite sequence of instructions, an explicit, step-by-step procedure for solving a problem, often used for calculation and data processing. It is formally a type of effective method in which a list of well-defined instructions for completing a task, will when given an initial state, proceed through a well-defined series of successive states, eventually terminating in an end-state. The transition from one state to the next is not necessarily deterministic; some algorithms, known as probabilistic algorithms, incorporate randomness.
A partial formalization of the concept began with attempts to solve the Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem") posed by David Hilbert in 1928. Subsequent formalizations were framed as attempts to define "effective calculability" (Kleene 1943:274) or "effective method" (Rosser 1939:225); those formalizations included the Gödel-Herbrand-Kleene recursive functions of 1930, 1934 and 1935, Alonzo Church's lambda calculus of 1936, Emil Post's "Formulation 1" of 1936, and Alan Turing's Turing machines of 1936–7 and 1939.
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